Being a Musician

Music is the rhythm that keeps the world spinning. What is it about music that makes it so enjoyable to listen to? Is it the message that we gain from the lyrics or is just the background beat? Music, with all its intricacies, can be seen as living entity that has the ability to rest Inside our soul and create emotions such as excitement and awe. Music helps create a bond and connect people all around the world whether they speak different languages or practice different religions.Music has always been an integral part of my life. I listen and partake in music almost every day and when I listen to a great piece of music, I cannot help but feel great joy and feel as though I am one with the song. It is as if my body goes into an alternate universe where Instruments have the ability to talk and they are telling me their story. Over the years, I have learned through my experiences that music not only helps me learn, but to also grow. From an early age, I grew up listening to Classical I ndian music. My mom would sing traditional songs to me and would listen eagerly absorbing the song in its entirety.However, I did not know that I was developing my singing ability at the same time. Then, the unimaginable happened. I started to sing. This; however, is an understatement as I seemed to of sang well according to my elders and peers. I had this experience at the young age of 10 which Is when I discovered I had the talent to sing Classical Indian music. From then on, I was fixed on honing my musical skills and was determined to push it to things beyond singing. From then on, I would try singing whenever I was given a chance. I would sing in the shower, in the car, and even when my parents went to bed.Even though I liked to inning, I did not like to do it publicly in front of people. Now as I look back, it was probably because I was not very confident In my abilities so I was afraid of making a fool of myself. Not long after, my parents started to notice my knack for music and I was forced to share my talent. However, I am eternally grateful that they made me sing in public at our temple because that led to a Classical Music teacher approaching my parents and she asked them if I would like to learn from her. This was Just the beginning of my journey in music. As I continued to sing, I became more and more fascinated with piano. Ked my parents if I could start taking lessons and they readily agreed. As I went to the piano teacher, she said I had a natural ability to read music and that my fingers were Incredibly quick for an eleven year old. I continue to piano to this day and thoroughly enjoy it. Piano; however, was not the only instrument that I learned to play. In sixth grade, I joined band and picked the trumpet as my instrument of choice. I loved playing it the first moment the trumpet touched my lips. Band has been a part of my life ever since sixth grade and I have been playing the trumpet for the better part of 5 years. Simmered by the notes. Music is the only thing that has the power to fully captivate someone in this manner. Personally, music gave me the opportunity to go from the world of real-life problems to a world of tranquility and from the life of an academically overachieving student to that of a musical vocalist.

Effective Approaches to Leadership Essay

There is talk that the nursing shortage is over, but the facts show that there is a substantial nursing shortage which is projected to intensify over the next several years. This fact alone will increase the demand on the remaining nurses leading to nurse burn out and increased turnover rates. Nurses are the largest group of health care professionals in America, but the majority of the nurses are close to retirement age (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2010). This paper will address the issue of nursing shortage, nurse turnover and how nurse leaders and managers are approaching these issues, along with the personal and professional philosophy of nursing of the author of this paper. There are many reasons why a nursing shortage exists, and why it is only going to get worse over the next several years. The median age of the nursing workforce is 46 years of age and almost 50 percent of all nurses are close to retirement, which will substantially impact the nursing shortage (American Nurses Association, 2013). The Affordable Care Act of 2010 ensures that every American have access to affordable health care (U. S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2013). This places an additional demand for nurses, and further increases the shortage. The results of the advances in medicine has increased the average life span, increasing the number of people living with chronic illness, and also increasing patient acuity levels which in turn increases the demand for advanced educated practioners. Nursing colleges and universities across the county are struggling to expand their enrollment levels in order to meet the rising demand for nursing care (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). Reductions in nursing budgets together with the growing nursing shortage has resulted in nurses working more, taking care of sicker patients and at risk for making mistakes. This further complicates the nursing shortage as this type of environment only drives the current nursing force away from the bedside. The current Registered Nurse turnover rate is 14% (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2012). One incentive that management and leadership nurses should be aspiring to is Magnet Status. The American Nurses Association in 1990 developed the Magnet status in an effort to reward hospitals that attract and retain nurses who demonstrate excellence in nursing practice (American Nurses Credentialing Center, 2013).

American History X

In this same scene he also shows views of white supremacy because he states that minorities come to America only to exploit it as opposed to establishing themselves as â€Å"model citizens†. As the movie progresses, it is established that Vineyard is part of an actual white supremacist organization known as the D. O. C. This is where the concept of ethnocentric beliefs is displayed. The group believes that whites are the supreme beings and that other minorities are at their feet. They believe that the government shows no concern for Americans that are down and out, but will rush to help out illegal immigrants. They carry out racist acts throughout the movie. The first one that they perform is the raiding of a grocery store. The D. O. C. enters the market and begins to beat any person of color insight while also screaming derogatory statements. This is followed by a dinner scene where another character tries to bring reason to high criminal rates of African Americans as social inequalities. This scene highlights more racism in that Vineyard is trying to validate his thoughts that the black race are naturally criminals, but he is quickly shot down by people around the table who are able to refute his claims. It eventually escalates and he attacks his own sister. This is the first scene that also displays his anti-Semitic views. It was clear that he did indeed have them by having swastikas tattooed on him, but he verbally assaults a Jewish man with derogatory terms and stereotypes. The most important sociological concept is primary socialization. This is what is at the root of the main characters whole being. This is essentially what helped spark the views and hatred that he had developed. The father is sitting at the same dinner table as seen in a previous scene as he begins to show his prejudice views. The father first starts out by referring to affirmative action as â€Å"affirmative blacktion†. He also warns his son not to swallow everything this black teacher is teaching him. He eventually wraps the conversation up by referring to it as â€Å"Nigger Bullshit† and forewarning him to be careful. This is the most significant scene because the concept of primary socialization is seen in full effect. For the film American History X, there is no clear protagonist or antagonist because the character goes through a transformation throughout the film. He begins the story as the antagonist, but later reforms himself to a more protagonist type character. Due to this transformation, the antagonist would have to be the head of the D. O. C. This is because he is exploiting the youth and pushing his views on to them. He capitalizes on kids who struggle and living unhappily by placing blame on minorities. He teaches them white supremacy and makes claims that minorities have to be dealt with accordingly. Now he doesn’t call for any drastic action, but by creating prejudice within teens will only end in an extremist type individual. The reason why I feel that the main character, Vineyard, is the protagonist is because after jail he tries to right his wrongs. He tries to make his brother see that the life he had once lead was not right and at the same time formally tells the leader that he wants no part of the organization anymore. Granted he once was the antagonist, but the plot sets up a battle within the character. He chose to change his ways as he served time and rid himself of the racist views that he once preached. This film is beneficial and could be used for educational purposes. This is because it shows that preconceived notions can eventually disappear. Views of prejudice and hatred can be absolved and a person does not have to continue down the road they once went. It can help educate the youth by showing them how easily it is to be influenced and the consequences of accepting views pushed on you. It will help people become more independent and free thinkers.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 17

Assignment - Essay Example The interest of the law is at the society at large and not on the individual who has committed a crime. Criminals are dangerous people in the society who threaten the social life of the community. These teenagers who are convicted of murder crimes are dangerous members of the society who are a threat to the community. The courts in their rulings will put the interest of the large community at hand and jail these criminals for life. These minors who commit these crimes are criminals in the making and can not be left free to disturb the public. These minors who commit these crimes can be pardoned for the charges, but this will encourage the other minors to commit such crimes since they know they can always get away with it. In regard to the same, other mature people can use the minors to commit murder crimes (Siegel & Senna, 147). The majority of the criminals in the world started their criminal activities when were young people. The earlier these criminal characteristics are noticed the better. The constitution is meant to protect the society at large and should be inclined towards the interest of an individual. These minor criminals, if pardoned and let to join the society they will become a bother to the society and a threat. Some human rights will argue that these are still children and should be given an opportunity to rejoin the society and become productive members of the same society. They argue that punishing these minors should be a process of rehabilitating them and making them law abiding citizens. They argue that these minors are in the process of development, and should be given a chance to contribute to the society and develop fully. They believe that some of these children’s behaviors will change at a later age. Some of these minors became violent as a result of how they were raised and the environment. However, these

Analyse how effective a change of ownership has been for your chosen Assignment

Analyse how effective a change of ownership has been for your chosen businesses performance - Assignment Example Adidas Company markets the application of constant and updated technological innovation and excellence in generating a powerful competitive advantage. The highest level of orientation of technological development has created the expected value to customers as they provide high performance and quality shoes for the specific needs of the customers. This translates to a competitive advantage in the marketing of its products (Hussey, 2000). Adidas has also another advantage in the market of effective promotional methods for its products by associating them with popular celebrities and sports idols. This marketing strategy has generated a steady source of sales and income for the company. Therefore, the purchase of recognizable brand products safeguards their quality and this creates some extra motivation for their purchase. The company has also sponsored many events as part of its promotional strategy. This step gives the company a good brand recognition and reputation in the world. This is evident in the soccer industry as Adidas has a strong market share. The diversity and variety of products offered on the web such as shirts, bags, shorts, and shoes enables the customers to have a range of products to choose and buy. The firm has good brand recognition and reputation and has attained its stronghold in the soccer industry. This is evident from a stable distribution channel that is well monitored as it has various stores worldwide. Thus, it enables the customers to access their products easily and in good time after ordering. To crown it all, the company has a strong management team which helps to keep it on the right track (Gilgeous.1997). However, Adidas has various disadvantages in the market. The company is one step behind Nike and faces much competition from the Nike products. This is evident in the high quantity and quality of merchandise and products that

Student Performance Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Student Performance Analysis - Essay Example without these plans an organization cannot establish any goals, or have the ability to monitor their goals, which in turn enables them to improve the future not just of the schools but also of every student and member of staff within them. In developing these strategies care must be taken to ensure that the plan, the financial provision, the academic criterion and standard of teaching are realistic and assessable (WINSS, 2008). The Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPSa), in Rockville, Maryland have developed their strategic plan for the schools in their district along these lines. MCPS (2008b) have developed their financial resources plan to provide effective business services which provide efficient running of the schools. These are seen as vital for the educational accomplishments of the students. They have involved a larger parental and community support in their planning and budgeting, and in their outreach and partnerships. The business services either meet or go above the requirements of the schools, and they have implemented an arrangement to employ, support and keep hold of highly qualified teachers and other staff members. The financial resources invested each year has increased from 2002 when the budgeted costs for ‘all strategic functions’ at $1.10 per square foot, in 2007 it was $1.22 per square foot (MCPS, 2008b). The human resources that the plan endeavors to produce are equally successful. MCPS (2008) main criteria in these area of resource is to develop and reinforce dynamic partnerships for the education of the students. They also support the relationship from the outside community and their participation in the school to encourage success. Continuous professional training has been implemented; the staff are now offered more support and mentoring has been put into practice for all staff. The plan has enabled the schools to train 138 more staff in leadership training in 2007, than it did in 2002 (MCPSa, 2008). Furthermore, MCPS

Kaduna Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kaduna Project - Assignment Example Additionally, the added space can offer a new central and financial district. Historically the North and South have divided on religious grounds; therefore, when the CBD is centralized it will be helped by the division. Conventionally, Africa has developed a focus on telecommunication and Agriculture. The Chinese have developed an interest by constructing the railways, setting up agriculture zones, setting aside the economic town development and city growth. They have also prioritized on farming and national park. Assuming the military refuses to give up the ground, a lot will be focused on the Central District by converting into the combination of commercial and residential and combining with the cultural centers that will assist in the medium growth rate scenario. On the map it has been mentioned that transport hubs, railways, and new road are present. The China government is putting up a railway that runs to Abuja. On the map, the railway connects the town center, to farming land, and runs to Abuja (Okoro, Chikuni and Govender, 2012). Therefore, the paper discusses and examines the development and planning challenges that face the area of Kaduna, Nigeria. The report will highlight issues like the current transport infrastructure, economic trend, land use, and the economic status to determine the spatial planning mechanisms that could be employed in helping the city grow and adapt over the coming years. Additionally, the paper draws on the forum discussions in addition spatial planning and independent analysis and spatial planning literature to offer a perspective vision of Kaduna in future. The paper will start by explaining the context of the region in respect to its economy, demographics and other crucial and fundamental issues. The paper will also discuss the SWOT analysis of the current state of Kaduna, and build the future scenarios found on it. The development and analysis portion will follow, looking how the spatial planning could be of help to Kaduna (Reuters Africa, 2010). Context In Nigeria, Kaduna is ranked third in population. The state occupies more than six million people; this is as per the 2006 census. The population of Kaduna in increasing at the rate of 3.3% annually, this is according to the National Planning Commission in 2006. Kaduna City is Kaduna City capital and it has 1.2 million people. The city of Kaduna is beneficially found within the state, and is found close to the geographical center and is important from closer proximity of a river that runs horizontally over the territory is described by the medium to low population density. Kaduna has few contextual limitations that are crucial for the spatial planning research carried out. For instance, one of the crucial factors facing the town is absence of public infrastructure. This entails water, waste, electricity, and drainage solution. Another critical challenge facing the city is the religious rivalry between the Christians and the Muslims populations. The N orthern part of the city is populated with Islam’s; in addition there is a huge number of Christian who also occupies the city. The religious rival

Individual Rights and Social Order Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Individual Rights and Social Order - Assignment Example Additionally, it was necessary to safeguard the overall well-being of the community. The Commission also observed that in fulfilling this function, a system of justice tends to possess a divided role. Some of the roles were certain prevention of activities and the apprehension and formal processing of individuals, who have committed illegal acts in the society. According to Beames and Stonehouse (2007), a good society is one that nurtures both social values and the rights of an individual. A significant facet of good societies is that they find a healthy tension between individual needs and the needs of a group. Social order lies at the opposite end of the spectrum from individualism. Social conservatives are more interested in reinforcing the moral order. They prefer legislation use, rather than relying on normative means of impacting the behavior of an individual, to promote the values they hold. Examples of normative means that can influence individual behavior include leadership, moral voices within the society and education. Individual rights is the act of seeking to protect the personal freedoms of an individual within the criminal justice system, while social order is whereby the societys interest take precedence over the rights of an individual. Numerous laws and regulation have been put into place to balance the two sides throughout the American history. People are guaranteed the right to free assembly and free speech. However, those rights guaranteed by the Constitution may be limited when those actions harm others. For instance, when the actions of a citizen become violent, the authorities have a duty to halt the violence ant to shield the society. Governments considered to be democratic promote the freedom value but must also place limits on the freedom of an individual. Actions that might cause harm or alarm are forbidden for the common good. For instance, a person has the freedom of speech,

Guarding the Physician-Patient Relationship Assignment - 21

Guarding the Physician-Patient Relationship - Assignment Example The paper tells that the patient often displayed optimism to battle his illnesses and was eager to bounce back to the industry. The doctor believes the patient should have chosen life instead of death. While his condition was beginning to improve, he started to become a pessimist. He constantly talked about suicidal feelings that the doctor dissuaded him from entertaining. However, he seemed not to care in spite of doctor’s professional warning. This essay explores how soon after death does a death certificate have to be signed. A death certificate is often signed immediately the family or next of kin applies to claim the body of the deceased. It is a process must be ratified by a coroner or mortuary attendant who oversees the legality of claimants before issuing the body. Similarly, signing must be overseen by the coroner who has prepared the body in collaboration with the Health ministry. The death certificate must remain with immediate next of kin mentioned in the deceasedà ¢â‚¬â„¢s will such as the children or the widow. In spite of the advantages offered by Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to physicians and their practices, the adoption of EHRs is still impossible. First, EHRs are expensive to adopt because they require qualified personnel with enough knowledge to ensure the systems do not fail. Second, involves contravention of privacy and confidentiality of patients as spelled out in Health ethics. In other words, EHRs may use the patient’s records for other uses and not for medical purposes.

Analysis on Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Essay

Analysis on Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening - Essay Example The speaker does not provide the reader with more explanation regarding what makes the place an interesting one. However, the directness with which the words are utilized ensures that the reader understands and is left with questions regarding what the speaker does. Despite the words of the poem being clear and simple, the author does not present comprehensive description of the place. The speaker in the poem simply states the thoughts in the mind and does not provide explanations. Though the speaker presents the thoughts of the horse, this remains the speaker’s thoughts, as the horse does not speak. In the words, â€Å"My little horse must think it queer/ to stop without a farmhouse near/ between the woods and frozen lake† (5-7), the idea of stopping in the dark woods is indeed unusual, but the speaker presents this as a thought of the horse and not his own. This is an indication of the beauty and peace of the environment, which creates confusion in the speaker’s mind, and even causes the horse to experience similar thoughts.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Repetition presents an opportunity for emphasis on a fundamental point that the speaker is communicating to the audience. By saying, â€Å"But I have promises to keep/ and miles to go before I sleep/ and miles to go before I sleep† (14-16), the repetition at the end of the poem is meant to emphasize on the promises that the speaker must keep. This promise appears to have been made relatively significant based on the repetition. Having alluded the speaker’s indecisiveness regarding resting or continuing with the journey, this repetition serves to emphasize on these two aspects. The last lines emphasize on the fundamental focus of the poem relating to why the speaker is resting, and why he finds the woods captivating resulting in his consideration to rest. The second line is meant to be understood differently from the first one since there as two promises that the speaker must keep before sleeping, but can only accomplish one.

Advantages of Public Transport Essay Example for Free

Advantages of Public Transport Essay Public transport can be defined as a system of vehicles such as buses and trains which operate at regular times on fixed routes and are used by the public . In Malaysia , the number of vehicle on the road has been increased in every year . It shows that the public now is affordable to have at least a motorcycle as their daily transport rather than use the public transport. The public should not use the public transport because the risk of being the criminal victim will increased , the people need to wait a long time for the public transport and the public cannot have comfort in their journey to their destination . Firstly , the disadvantages of using public transport is the risk of being the criminal victim is high . Many criminal case is being reported is causes when the public using this kind of transport . Raped and snatch crime is the most common cases that causes by the public transport . As example , when a woman used the public transport such as bus lonely , she will sit beside someone that she do not know the background,behavior or its intention to her . It is also dangerous when a person in a crowded train, many people aroud her will take advantage to snatch her wallet unconsciously. In addition , when using the public transport , people cannot have a comfortable journey to their destination . Some of the public transport such as bus is usually dirty and smelly . It will make the passenger uncomfortable due to that condition instead they using their own car . Beside that . hen there is too much passenger in a train or bus , it is impossible to have a seat although they pay same fare as well as other people. Some special people such as disabled person and old folks may be treated bad when they are in the public transport . Moreover , the disadvantages of using public transport is the people need to wait for a long time to have a bus or train . People will waste their time during they waiting for the public transport instead they used their own transport to go whenever they desired anytime . As example , when a person is having an emergency such as death in the family while he using a public transport , it will be take a long time for him to reach his destination on the time . However, there is an advantage when using the public transport in which it will prevent the environment from pollution such as air or land . Furthermore, when using the public transport , the traffic jam in a city also can be reduced at the same time because the causes of the traffic jam is when there is too much vehicle entering the city. When there is too much vehicle , the percentage or risk of an accident to occur is also high. As the conclusion , the usage of public transport is more contributed to the disadvantages to us. People should emphasize and realize that when they using the public transport ,risk of being the criminal victim will increased , the people need to wait a long time for the public transport and the public cannot have comfort in their journey to their destination.

The Influences of Environment Essay Example for Free

The Influences of Environment Essay It is not difficult to assess the degree to which an individual is affected by the environment in which he lives. We know that climatic and social surroundings are no less influential. We know also that a person is born with the basic characteristics which are going to shape his personality and eventually his destiny. We can safely say that the interactions of both heredity and environment produce the individual. It would be interesting to analyse the effects of environment on the personality and activities of the individual. Social surroundings have an undisputed influence on people. Traditions and customs are the results of social relations in a group of people. These are often impressed on the individual who may either adopt them or oppose them. The individual often finds himself in conflict with such traditional institutions as marriage, family, religion and other established customs. The individual who rejects traditions is condemned by society and often ostracised. Individuals often have to fight against traditions. This continued opposition reveals the influence that such traditions have. The majority are just passively shaped by these traditions that have been inculcated in them from the cradle through school to adult life. Our basic personality is formed by society. 3 The powerfulness of social environment can also be seen in the everyday language we speak. The mother tongue is so called because the child assimilates naturally the language spoken by its mother. It is a scientific concept that all humans are â€Å"programmed† with the language ability, but what we speak depends on the social environment. The new-born Eskimo, if placed in an English-speaking environment, will grow up to speak English like the English. The mother tongue is learned in conditions different from those in which a second or foreign language is learned. The accent adopted by the individual also reveals the social milieu where he has picked up the language. Only the highly educated can hide their native accents. 4 The behaviour of the individual is often the direct result of social influences on him. It has been established that people exposed to harsh economic conditions are likely to turn to crime more easily than others. Though research has shown that criminal tendencies are inborn, that is of genetic origin, there is no doubt that social conditions help to externalise these tendencies in the individual. Whenever a society goes through severe economic conditions, like a recession, the crime rate tends to increase. The mass media have also been suspected to influence the criminal bent of people, especially the weaker individual who cannot think for himself. The unchanging geographical and climatic surroundings in which people grow have considerable effects on them as members of a social group. If today there are distinct national characteristics, it is because each group has been exposed to distinct physical or natural environments. Examples are numerous. The Eskimo is short and stocky because his cold, icy environment requires him to be so to survive. The people living along t he Equator are tall and thin so as to resist the heat. The colour of our skins has been fixed by the amount of sunshine we have been exposed to for generations. The Tibetans and Bolivians have large chests because their lungs have over the millennia become enlarged by the effort to breathe in rarefied oxygen in their high mountainous environment. 6 Eating and clothing habits, work activities, amusements are also directly dictated by physical environment. Those living along the coasts are likely to become sailors or fishermen. People’s activities throughout the world are conditioned by the landscape in which they live. The native Maori was a fisherman and a hunter, and therefore a flesh-eater. The Yorkshire boy until recently grew up to be a miner. It is only modern science and technology that have succeeded to some extent in decreasing the influence of environment on people’s activities. Primitive man used only what his immediate environment provided. Trappers in the north of America, Europe and Asia wore furs provided by their natural environment. 7 It is also generally accepted that weather and climate influence our character and mood. Weather influences mood because both are changeable. We are sullen when the weather is gloomy. We are lively and cheerful when the weather is fine. Poetry and songs in all times and regions have celebrated the coming of spring with cheerfulness and liveliness on the part of people. Also, in periods of heat or cold, our moods change for the worse or better. Astrologers and geomancers are convinced that stars and planets including earth influence and mark our lives in all their aspects – from character to intelligence, from luck to health, even life and death.

Animal Testing Pros and Cons Essay

Animal Testing Pros and Cons Essay 1.0 Introduction The Greeks believed that animals were a lesser form of life because animals could not think like humans did. Furthermore, this thought was continued by Christians who claimed that animals were less significant because they had no soul (Vivisection, 2002). Animal testing is the use of live animals for research in order to better understand the effect of certain substances towards human health. This application has been widely carried out in many industries. Numerous animals have been used for animal testing, such as guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and mice. The issue of animal testing has become a worldwide focus these days due to arguments brought up by those who are against animal experimentation. Unquestionably, the practice of animal experimentation has increased tremendously compared to the past. According to Shandilya (2008), it is estimated that 20 million animals are used for animal experimentation yearly for the purpose of medicine and for testing other products. Findings from studies indicate that less than 10 percent of pure psychological researches use animals as test subjects, which do not include animal subjects used for cross-over medical experimentation (American Psychological Association, n.d., cited in Harding, L. , 2001). However, there are some who state that animal experiments are cruel and immoral, besides violating an animals rights. This has caused many individuals to agree with the movements of anti-vivisection organisations due to brutal treatment towards animals. Although there are laws regarding animal testing enforcing the reduction in the use of animals for vivisection, opponents of animal experimenting are still debating about the subject of legalizing it. If we view this subject from a broader perspective, it can be seen that animal testing should be legalized as it aids scientist in the discoveries of new drugs and treatments to make health and medicine better, an animals life does not hold as much value as a humans, and it is the most precise way to find out the effects of substances on a living organism. This research paper will explain why animal testing should be legalized. Research findings are confined to the United States of America, since the subject of animal testing is highly debated there and the progress of this issue in the US is relative to other countries.   2.1 Animal testing helps in the development of drugs and treatments. Currently, humans are often exposed to various diseases which are life threatening, which includes existing diseases or new forms of diseases due to mutations and changes in the environment. Hence, researchers are working hard in finding cures for all these illnesses. From here, it can be seen that animal testing is essential in the sustenance of human health. Animals will be used to study the effect of newly invented drugs, whether it will help in curing the disease. Speaking of the positive outcomes of animal testing, this includes the development of new medicine and treatments. Derbyshire (2004) mentioned that many medical advances used animal testing; dogs were used to develop the production of insulin, whereas primates were utilized in the manufacture of a powerful anti-rejection drug, cyclosporine. Besides this, discoveries of various vaccines have evolved through animal experimentation. From here, it can be seen that animal testing can guide us to discoveries of new knowledge about living organisms. Many drugs have been invented to fulfill the aim of remedying diseases. However, the side effects of newly invented drugs remain unknown. Therefore, animal testing allows the evaluation of the danger of drugs before being used upon humans which will greatly reduce the risk before any human based trials are carried out (About Animal Testing, n.d.). Drugs that are tested safe can then be used to save millions of valuable human lives. The future of medical science still relies on animal testing, and this clearly shows a need in legalizing animal testing. There are some people who claim that the effects of drugs tested on animals may not be the same to humans. Arthritis drug Vioxx, which caused 140 000 heart attacks and strokes in United States of America, was withdrawn from the global market even though it appeared to be safe when tested in animals (Archibald, 2004). However, scientists have proven that animals are extremely alike to humans and experiments done on them would produce similar results obtained through future human experiments (About Animal Testing, n.d.). Hence, carrying out animal testing on drugs would improve the quality of human life indirectly. Therefore, to sum it all up, animal testing should be legalized because it assists researchers in medical treatments besides drugs discovery, improves health and medicine and is able to test the safety of drugs. Alternatives of animal testing are not as plausible as they are not as accurate as the results obtained from tests conducted upon animals. Hence, animal testing should be encouraged instead of being suppressed. 2.2 The importance of human lives is given priority over animal lives. Differences existing between humans and animals cause animals to receive treatments which are different and unequal although both of them are alive. As animals differ from humans as they do not have conscience, they are considered inferior to humans when it comes to the value of life. Seeing that the lives of humans are viewed as more valuable than animal lives, animals will have to be sacrificed in animal experimentation. The pros and cons of animal testing were debated with both sides being able to produce solid reasons for their stands. From the view of sentiency, it is mentioned that all living things are morally equivalent. However, the lives of humans are superior over the lives of animals (Garner, 2005). Authorities have to make a choice between the welfare of humans and the welfare of animals. Which one is more important, the life of a human or the life of an animal? As Archibald (2004) points out, most people are willing to sacrifice the lives of animal in animal testing to save human lives. Even though human welfare is the main concern, the welfare of an animal is still taken into account by minimizing the suffering of animals when conducting animal experimentations. The Animal Welfare Act had been formed and reviewed constantly to protect animals and decrease the number of vivisections carried out (Monamy, 2000). Every experiment involving the usage of animals is normally administered with anesthesia. In conjunction with this, the experiments will not be repeated or animals used will be euthanized when brutal treatment is involved. Animal testing can be accepted as it allows the improvement of human life quality without the suffering of animals (Garner, 2005). Those who are against animal testing argued that animals have the right to live peacefully. Animal testing is regarded as unkind treatment towards animals as it violates animal rights as their lives are valuable as well (Le Fanu, 2003). Nevertheless, their arguments are weak because animals lack the sense of judgment, and therefore are not subjected to moral claims and animal rights (Cohen, 1986). Hence, they cannot be compared with human life. As long as the animal is experimented upon without pain, the welfare of the animal is not violated. Therefore, it is acceptable to legalize the activity of animal testing as human life should be prioritized. Although there are many who are against animal experimentation, the points asserted are not h3 enough to discontinue the activity of animal testing. Supporters of animal testing affirm that animals should not have equal rights with humans as both of these cannot be compared. Animals lack the sense of judgment, thus human lives always come first before animal lives. Animals are considered to be protected as long as animals receive minimum amount of suffering. So animal testing should be legalized in order to save more human lives. 2.3 Animal testing is helpful for studying the effects of substances. Many new chemical substances are produced every year to meet the demand of the global market such as in agriculture, medicine and cosmetic products. The credits should be given to animal testing. The effect of that particular substance has been studied to produce countless helpful products. This can increase the longevity of humans besides improving the human standard of living. By conducting experiments on animals, the researcher can gain invaluable information from the living specimen. Winston (2006) mentioned that 70% of the Nobel prizes for physiology or medicine are contributed from animal testing. Hence, it is clearly shown that by performing researches on animals by studying the effects of a substance can bring a huge impact upon the world. The discovery of knowledge will be delayed or remain undiscovered if animal testing is not carried out. As stated by Le Fanu (2003), primates offer the best experimental models as they have 99% similarity in genes with humans. Animal testing can be carried out on primates to ensure the safety of some drugs before being tested on humans. The chance for both organisms exhibiting the same effect is high due to the similarity of their genes. This in turn can reduce the risks faced by humans when commencing the trials. Hence, animals are good tools for learning the effects of various substances. In spite of this, people who are in opposition to animal testing argue that it must not be legalized just because animal experimentation leads to medical breakthroughs and the outcome is more rewarding. This statement is insufficient to justify the drawbacks of animal testing (Derbyshire, 2004). On the other hand, it is proven that the beneficial outcome outweighs its drawbacks, so it is rational to legalize the activity of animal testing. Without studying the effects of substances using animal testing, most of the major vaccines against disease like polio, rubella and hepatitis B used today would not exist (Derbyshire, 2004). New drugs undergo in vitro research, computer modeling and animal testing before being tested on humans. Thus, every step is vital in this process of studying the effects before a drug is introduced into the market. In short, the effects of a substance can be study by carrying out animal testing which can provide invaluable information besides the anatomy of some animals are similar to humans. Even though animal experimentation its disadvantages, there are still many benefits that can gain by carrying out animal testing. Thus, legalization of animal testing must be accepted. Moreover, it can be a good tool for education and research purposes. 3.0 Recommendation Normally, the usage of animals for animal testing delineated as cruelty towards animals and should not be legalized. However, it is impossible to ban the practice of animal experimentation due to the benefits brought by animal research towards mankind. Animal testing is a noble action to sustain the welfare of humans. Since the practice of animal testing cannot be stopped, the welfare of animals can only be protected by another approach. The principle of Three Rs, that is refinement, reduction and replacement can be practiced. The researchers are pledged to reduce the number of animals used when performing a research. To use the least number of resources to obtain the fastest results, researchers have the tendency of using a smaller number of animals during their research. This is an act that showed the willingness of mankind to reduce the cruelty towards the animals. Besides this, scientists were asked to lessen the degree of suffering of the animal. This can be attained by exclude some needless harmful actions involving the animals. Lastly, alternative methods should be used whenever possible to replace the usage of animal testing (Derbyshire, 2006). For instance, the welfare of animals can be secured by doing so. The practice of animal experimentation should compromise between the welfare of humans and animals so that harmony can be achieved. Animal experimentation still can be practiced, and the laws should be strictly enforced so that it is not violated by irresponsible people. 4.0 Conclusion Due to the increased usage of animal testing, the issue of animal experimentation is getting highly debated and remains relentless. After examining several points, it has revealed that animal testing should be legalized as it helps in the progress of medicine and health, human life is more valuable than animal life, and helps to learn the outcome of a substance on a living organism. Day by day, anti-vivisectionists try to rule out animal testing by looking at this issue from the animals point of view. Concurrently, supporters of animal experimentation were able to refute their arguments, by claiming the welfare of humans should always come first before animals. They viewed the subject of animal testing from a broader perspective and the long term advantages that come from animal experimentation. Life is never perfect, some sacrifices have to make to achieve success for a better future. Nonetheless, animal research should be carried out as its advantages are more significant than the disadvantages.

the position of women in the work field in Egypt :: essays research papers

Women represent 49% of the Egyptian population. In 1956, the Constitution granted Egyptian women unconditional equal socio-political rights, thus crowning their struggle with success. Egyptian women participate in the process of development, assume the national responsibilities mentioned in the Constitution, and benefit from full legal rights that allow them to contribute in all aspects of the development process, either in the field of production or in services, according to their capabilities and skills. However, women participation in public life remains limited. This is due to a number of socio-economic and cultural factors that would tend to create a bias against females in some aspects of life, establishing thus a gender gap. Women in my country have become full partners in decision-making, and have proved themselves competent as doctors, surgeons, members of parliament, government ministers, entrepreneurs and pilots, all working alongside men for the sake of progress and development in Egypt. H.E. President Hosni Mubarak issued the Presidential Decree No. 90 for the year 2000 for the creation of the National Council for Women, as an autonomous body responsible for the empowerment of the Egyptian women. Certain fields of work have only been made accessible to women recently, such as the judiciary, and their presence in others, such as police and defense, is only symbolic. Although women have been appointed to certain political posts recently for the first time, such as: the first Judge in the Supreme Constitutional Court, the first President of the Administrative Prosecution Authority, the first head of a local council, the first chief of a village â€Å"Omda†, other posts are still resisting cultural changes like governor, rector of a university, or even a sitting judge in ordinary courts. Similarly, women have been allowed to hold military positions in the army.

They Flee From Me by Thomas Wyatt :: sixteenth-century lyric poem poetry

Thomas Wyatt, "They Flee From Me" Set of Multiple-choice Questions Analyzing a Poem Sir Thomas Wyatt's sixteenth-century lyric "They flee from me" is an enigmatic poem that pleases at least partly because it provides no final certainty about the situation it describes. Yet the poem, while in some respects indefinite and puzzling, is nevertheless quite specific in its presentation of a situation, particularly in the second stanza, and it treats a recognizable human experience--that of having been forsaken by a lover--in an original and intriguing fashion. They flee from me, that sometime did me seek with naked foot stalking in jay chamber. I have seen them gentle, tame, and meek That now are wild, and do not remember (5) That sometime they put themself in danger To take bread at my hand: and now they range, Busily seeking with a continual change. Thanked be fortune it bath been otherwise Twenty times better, but once in special, (10) In thin array after a pleasant guise * When her loose gown from her shoulders did fall, And she me caught in her arms long and small, * Therewithal sweetly did me kiss, And softly said, 'Dear heart, how like you this?' (15) It was no dream: I lay broad waking. But all is turned thorough my gentleness Into a strange fashion of forsaking, And I have leave to go of her goodness, And she also to use newfangleness. (20) But since that I so kindly am served, I would fain know what she hath deserved. *manner or style * slender The image developed in the first stanza is especially striking, with its suggestion of once tame and friendly animals who have reverted to wildness and will no longer risk the seemingly innocent taking of bread from the speaker's hand. This stanza establishes at once the theme of change, a change from a special, privileged condition to one of apparent mistrust or fear, and the sense of strangeness (no explanation is given for the change) that will continue to trouble the speaker in the third stanza. Strangeness is inherent in the image itself -- "with naked foot stalking in my chamber" - -- and the stanza is filled with pairs of words that reinforce the idea of contrast: "flee"/"seek," "tame"/"wild," "sometime"/"now," "take break"/"range." Most interestingly, we are never told who "they" are. Moving from this somewhat disconcerting description of the speaker's present situation, the second stanza abruptly shifts the reader to an earlier moment in the speaker's life when "Thanked be fortune, it hath been otherwise/Twenty times better.

Chinese Cinderella :: essays research papers

i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Title Chinese Cinderella ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Author Adeline Yen Mah – Yen Jun-ling iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characters Yen Jun-ling/Adeline/Wu Mei (Fifth Daughter) – the main character. She was an unwanted child because she was considered bad luck because she was told to be the cause of her mother’s death Aunt Baba – Jun-ling’s loving aunt. She’s one of the few ones who takes Jun-ling’s side in the family, is also Jun-ling’s mother’s best friend. Ye Ye – Jun-ling’s grandfather; her father’s father. He is always siding the first children. Nai Nai – Jun-ling’s grandmother; her father’s mother. She is the authority in the house. Niang (Mother) – Jun-ling’s stepmother, is a French woman; married Jun-ling’s father one year after his wife died. She takes over after Nai Nai died. Father – Jun-ling’s father; married Niang one year after his wife died; Ye Ye and Nai Nai’s only son. Big Sister/Lydia – the eldest daughter; takes Niang’s side as the story continues. Married at the age of 17. Big Brother/Gregory – the eldest son, next to Big Sister. Goes to England with Second brother for college. Second Brother/Edgar – born after Big Brother. Goes to England with Big Brother for college. Third Brother/James – born after second brother and before Jun-ling. Is the only sibling Jun-ling is close to. Fourth Younger Brother/Franklin – Jun-ling’s younger stepbrother and is Niang’s little darling. He is treated especially by their father and he loves to see Ye Ye really†¦ really†¦ pissed off and angry. Little Sister/Susan – the youngest daughter Aunt Reine – Niang’s sister; rescued Jun-ling from the St. Joseph’s Uncle Jean – Aunt Reine’s husband Claudine and Victor – Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine’s children, Jun-ling’s best friends Lin Tao-tao and Wu Chun Mei – Jun-ling’s best friends at Shanghai Mary, Elanor and Monica – Jun-ling’s schoolmates at Sacred Heart Mother/Mama – Jun-ling’s real mother iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Setting This story, Chinese Cinderella starts at Tianjin. Then, their family moves to Shanghai. After an ordinary life at Shanghai, their parents decided to return Jun-ling to Tianjin and left her there in a boarding house. Aunt Jeane decides to take Jun-ling to Hong Kong because her family, except Aunt Baba, Big Brother, Second Brother and Third Brother, had already moved there. She studies secondary school at Shanghai, and later on is given privilege, by her father, to study college at England. v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summary A Chinese proverb says, â€Å"Falling leaves return to their roots.† In Chinese Cinderella, Adeline Yen Mah returns to her roots to paints an authentic portrait of twentieth-century China as well as to tell the story of her courage and ultimate triumph over despair. Chinese Cinderella :: essays research papers i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Title Chinese Cinderella ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Author Adeline Yen Mah – Yen Jun-ling iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characters Yen Jun-ling/Adeline/Wu Mei (Fifth Daughter) – the main character. She was an unwanted child because she was considered bad luck because she was told to be the cause of her mother’s death Aunt Baba – Jun-ling’s loving aunt. She’s one of the few ones who takes Jun-ling’s side in the family, is also Jun-ling’s mother’s best friend. Ye Ye – Jun-ling’s grandfather; her father’s father. He is always siding the first children. Nai Nai – Jun-ling’s grandmother; her father’s mother. She is the authority in the house. Niang (Mother) – Jun-ling’s stepmother, is a French woman; married Jun-ling’s father one year after his wife died. She takes over after Nai Nai died. Father – Jun-ling’s father; married Niang one year after his wife died; Ye Ye and Nai Nai’s only son. Big Sister/Lydia – the eldest daughter; takes Niang’s side as the story continues. Married at the age of 17. Big Brother/Gregory – the eldest son, next to Big Sister. Goes to England with Second brother for college. Second Brother/Edgar – born after Big Brother. Goes to England with Big Brother for college. Third Brother/James – born after second brother and before Jun-ling. Is the only sibling Jun-ling is close to. Fourth Younger Brother/Franklin – Jun-ling’s younger stepbrother and is Niang’s little darling. He is treated especially by their father and he loves to see Ye Ye really†¦ really†¦ pissed off and angry. Little Sister/Susan – the youngest daughter Aunt Reine – Niang’s sister; rescued Jun-ling from the St. Joseph’s Uncle Jean – Aunt Reine’s husband Claudine and Victor – Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine’s children, Jun-ling’s best friends Lin Tao-tao and Wu Chun Mei – Jun-ling’s best friends at Shanghai Mary, Elanor and Monica – Jun-ling’s schoolmates at Sacred Heart Mother/Mama – Jun-ling’s real mother iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Setting This story, Chinese Cinderella starts at Tianjin. Then, their family moves to Shanghai. After an ordinary life at Shanghai, their parents decided to return Jun-ling to Tianjin and left her there in a boarding house. Aunt Jeane decides to take Jun-ling to Hong Kong because her family, except Aunt Baba, Big Brother, Second Brother and Third Brother, had already moved there. She studies secondary school at Shanghai, and later on is given privilege, by her father, to study college at England. v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summary A Chinese proverb says, â€Å"Falling leaves return to their roots.† In Chinese Cinderella, Adeline Yen Mah returns to her roots to paints an authentic portrait of twentieth-century China as well as to tell the story of her courage and ultimate triumph over despair.

Vulnerability: Disability and Family Reform Act

The Association of Directors of Social Services (1991) defined a vulnerable adult by the client group: the elderly and frail, those with a mental illness (including dementia), those with a sensory, physical or learning disability, and those with severe physical disability. The current definition, in the Department of Health guidance â€Å"No secrets†, states that a vulnerable adult is â€Å"a person who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability, age or illness; and who may be unable to take care of him or herself, or unable to protect themselves against harm or exploitation† (DOH, 2000).The age of majority (becoming an adult) was identified by The Family Reform act in 1969 as 18 years or older. Leffers et al (2004) summarises that the concept of vulnerability in healthcare refers to those who are susceptible to harm. It is often perceived as the opposite of power (Phillips and Bramlett, 1994). Vulnerability is an important i n that the majority of nursing practice is spent helping those who are in a vulnerable position, or helping them avoid vulnerability.Spiers (2000) recognises that nursing has been slow in developing theoretical constructs of vulnerability. In healthcare it should be considered on an individual basis. Rogers (1992) developed a system which focuses on the person as a constituent of their environment, which is relevant as a nursing framework for addressing vulnerability. Vulnerability is important due to its implications for health. Being vulnerable can lead to stress and anxiety, which has an effect on a person’s physical, social, psychological, and environmental well-being. Vulnerability: Disability and Family Reform Act The Association of Directors of Social Services (1991) defined a vulnerable adult by the client group: the elderly and frail, those with a mental illness (including dementia), those with a sensory, physical or learning disability, and those with severe physical disability. The current definition, in the Department of Health guidance â€Å"No secrets†, states that a vulnerable adult is â€Å"a person who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability, age or illness; and who may be unable to take care of him or herself, or unable to protect themselves against harm or exploitation† (DOH, 2000).The age of majority (becoming an adult) was identified by The Family Reform act in 1969 as 18 years or older. Leffers et al (2004) summarises that the concept of vulnerability in healthcare refers to those who are susceptible to harm. It is often perceived as the opposite of power (Phillips and Bramlett, 1994). Vulnerability is an important i n that the majority of nursing practice is spent helping those who are in a vulnerable position, or helping them avoid vulnerability.Spiers (2000) recognises that nursing has been slow in developing theoretical constructs of vulnerability. In healthcare it should be considered on an individual basis. Rogers (1992) developed a system which focuses on the person as a constituent of their environment, which is relevant as a nursing framework for addressing vulnerability. Vulnerability is important due to its implications for health. Being vulnerable can lead to stress and anxiety, which has an effect on a person’s physical, social, psychological, and environmental well-being.

Operational Management at Mcdonald Essay

One aspect of facilities layout for McDonald’s is that when customers come into the building, they line up in one of several lines and wait to be served. In contrast, customers at Wendy’s are asked to stand in one line that snakes around the front of the counter and to wait for a server to become available. a) What is the rationale for each approach? b) Which approach do you favour from (1) a customer’s perspective and (2) management’s perspective? Explain. A Rationale for McDonald approach McDonald’s success had been built on four pillars: limited menu, fresh food, fast service and affordable price. Intense competition and demands for a wider menu drive-through and sit-down meals – encouraged the fast food giant to customize product variety without hampering the efficacy of its supply chain. McDonalds use assembly line procedures in their kitchen for mass production so as to keep prices low. Speed, service and cleanliness is one of the critical success factors of the business. Lining up in one of the several lines tied into McDonald’s capability statement on speedy service, efficiency and good customer service. Each staff at McDonald is trained to change roles within shifts and this makes resource management during peak and off peak hours manageable. At all times there is enough staff on hand to take care of business and overall effectiveness is improved Drawback to this approach includes huge rental space to accommodate large operational facility. It could also become very costly on staff training. Workforce productivity are not usually related to the number of staff working on a task, and productivity variance may tilt negatively for McDonalds on this. Operating cost are very high and unless this is well managed, it may not necessarily be profitable. Rational for Wendy’s approach The rationale for Wendy’s â€Å"old fashioned† hamburgers could be traced to the history of unsuccessful attempts to outperform the competition which created the low profile structure. Wendy’s headquarters shifted to Dublin after a merger with Triac, Arby’s parent company and the very conservative style of  European business. Structure of business is very simple and easier to manage; it does not envisage much growth and cater mainly for the bottom line. It will require less space and resources to manage. Also less inventory and therefore less operating cost, however this will also impact on profitability. Drawback to this approach includes disorganized premises during peak hours, unsatisfied customers due to longer wait times for service. Wendy at some point was also suspect for cleanliness and this approach would add more to the problem. Managers Perspective The two approaches shows different business and strategic objectives. McDonald approach depicts a growth oriented organisation that wants to create market dominance in the sector. Wendy concentrates on its core traditional product, so that those who appreciate the product will be kept in the customer chain. The McDonalds style will require acquisition of new business skills and technology while Wendy traditional styles will require less technology. Looking at the management styles, McDonalds is poised to remain the leader in the food chain industry with concentration on their supply chain system and product differentiation methods. McDonalds work with farmers to ensure that produce are sized right and grow to specification, while Wendy concentrates mostly on the beef. With these different styles, McDonalds will be my preference for growth and bottom line. Wendy cannot compare to Mac in the business because more and more happy customers are trooping to Mac for what they see as 21 cent ury improvements.

Birds of Feathers Stick Together

I have never hunted day in my life,or even liked to watch hunting shows. But wen I saw a commercial for the television show Duck Dynasty, I had to watch just because it looked so hilarious. Now I watch the show every time its on, even the ones that I have seen over and over and still laugh just like its the first time seeing it. Duck Dynasty is for anyone that likes duck hunting,comedy,drama,and life lessons. Duck Dynasty focuses on a reality television hit on A&E Wednesday nights at 10:00 pm. Duck Dynasty's third season ‘s final episode brought in a 9. 6 million in viewers compared to American Idol, who had a 3. million in viewers in their last episode (James Hibber) . That makes Duck Dynasty the highest viewed reality television show. Phil Robertson established the family business. He crafted the first duck call in 1973, In a small run down shed out back of his home in Louisiana. Willie, Phil s' son with his business degree took and turned the small low budgeted operation and turned it in to a multimillion-dollar business the Duck Commander. Before the guys of Robertson family starter the Duck Commander business, they filmed their own hunts and sold them on video tapes. The Robertson family was also on the outdoor channel on a show called â€Å"BENELI PRESENTS DUCK COMMANDER† back in the 80's. Phil told ABC news †We use to have a reality show but it was just a bunch of rednecks shooting duck†. Patriarch Phil and Willie are only two of the Dynasty’s family members. Jase titled(Willies brother)and Jep(Willies other brother) also help with the family business. Jase is the COO of the company he he runs the manufacturing of the parts, Jase fabricates the calls making sure each one is finely hand tuned. Jase is always trying to pull some kind of shenanigan over Willies head and trying to get out of work. His motto is duck hunting,family,and god. Jep helps put the duck calls together, he is the editor and cameraman for the family business. He is able to think like a hunter behind the camera to catch excellent footage for their Duck Men DVD. Jep is Miss Kay baby . Miss Kay, Phil's wife is the head of the family. What Miss Kay says goes. Miss Kay is a little bit of aunt Bee and a hint of Roseann to spice thing up. She thinks her cooking is a gift and should be shared,so most nights she will cook up a big feast for the whole family, sometimes for the entire neighbor hood. Wives of Jase, Willie and Jep have to infuse a bit of sanity to the proceedings. Then we have Si the crazy uncle, Phil's youngest brother and best friend . Si has the job of fashioning the reeds, the most important part of a duck call is the reed its what makes the duck sound. Si is a Vietnam war vet who loves to tell crazy unbelievable stories and say thing like â€Å"HEY†ADN â€Å"JACK†. Duck Dynasty is part of up coming category titled Redneck television thrown in to the mass of My Redneck Vacation , But the two's comparisons can can only go so far. Yes both shows have southern accents and redneck past times. Redneck vacation focuses on an extended southern family, that takes their southern hospitality and traditions to the uppity lifestyle of the Hamptons, but still highlights on how they can manage to get along despite the differences in culture. Redneck vacation has salty language ,violence,and drinking is visible . The show makes fun of rednecks as opposed to showing its lifestyle. Duck Dynasty also features the family being a little out of the ordinary to most of its viewers tuning in. We watch the Robertson's tromp threw the backwoods hunting duck, fishing, blowing tings up like beaver damns. But what saves Duck Dynasty from the Redneck Vacation fate, Is Dynasty's characters are in on the joke so that no one is getting hurt. Some of the situations at hand may seem to be fashioned for television and everyone know it and seem to play their positions well. As you watch the show you might fall down laughing at the family's redneck phenomena, but you may also be a little jealous of them . The Robertson's do pick on one another but only out of family admiration. They all give a helping hand and enjoy sharing astonishing meals; They never shy from their religious belief . No its not a perfect show bathroom humor is not uncommon with this clan, We do hear some references to sex mainly when Phil is giving one of the grand-kids a lecture. After sitting down and watching the show it didn’t make me want to go out and hunt duck,blow things up or even eat squirrel brain stew. But it did make me want to pull a chair up to the Robertson's table and exchange laugh’s with the family instead of at them .

Literature Terms Essay

What does the term literature mean to you? Literature means to me is an escape from the troubles of the day. It also keeps me informed about events that may indirectly affect me in my everyday life. What makes something literary in your own mind? It has to be informative and relevant to the matter being described in a story or news article. As far as a book it needs to hold my interest and be able to make me in grossed in the characters in the story. If literature means different things to different people, who defines what is and what is not literature? Us as readers need to decide what is and what is not. Everybody has their own opinion on what is good and what is not good. Next, reflect on your relationship to reading and literature. What kind of reading engages/interests you? I like nonfiction and fiction books that deal with a variety of issues. What about that writing draws you in? Do you find meaning in reading certain writing? If so, describe the satisfaction you draw from this process. Also consider how you read. Do you, for example, take notes or mark text as you read, or do you simply absorb the material on a page? The kind of reading that I enjoy has to bring me into the story; it has to make me imagine what the character is going thru and how it may have to be resolved. I simply get lost in the story and absorb the material on each page as relates to the story. Imagination- is the human power that shapes artistic expression, it enables a writer’s work to become an expression of meaning in our world, and allows readers to engage in identifying with what the writer’s work has to say about things that matter. When you allow reading to unlock your imagination your connection sets the stage for intellectual engagement. It allows the experoence of reading of literature to include the pursuit of ideas and knowledge.section 2.1. Walter Mitty was a dreamer and to me if he’s a dreamer then he is using his imagination. Satire- deals with contradictions. It is the art that calls attention to the difference.

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions Coursework

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions - Coursework Example The area of the corporation includes trade agreements, taxation policies, tariffs and duties among other areas. The report seeks to examine one of the countries in the G7 industrial economies carefully (G20, 2015). Although the G7 industrial economies are of countries that have been perennial economic powerhouses, there have been emerging economies that have sprung out rapidly. Some of the economies that have grown rapidly in the recent years include Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The countries are as BRICSA or tiger countries. Over the last decades, the BRICSA countries have grown rapidly causing ripples to some of the developed nations. Among the drivers that have led to the emergence of the countries includes innovation in the technological sector. The report carefully examines economic factors that have spurred the growth of the economies are also carefully considered (G20,2015). Finally, the report also features macroeconomic performance, international trade and international trade and investment over the last five years of one of the open economies. The free economy is not part of the G7 group neither is part of the BRICSA countries. The open economy consists several countries that include Argentina, Australia, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Mexico, and Saudi Arabia among other countries (G20,2015). The U.S. economic was among the economies that worst hit by the recent global financial meltdown. Most of the world economies were stagnated following the eruption of the global financial crisis that adversely affected most countries. Over the last five years, significant economic changes have been made following the adoption of workable economic policies. The systems have seen the economy recovery from its shackles. Although proper measure have been put ensure full economic recovery issues such high unemployment rates

Assigement Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assigement - Coursework Example Likewise, there are people who are either physically handicapped or they simply have a low IQ and so they are unable to find employment. One should understand and appreciate the effort made by these people to find employment and not remain dependent on their friends, families or the government. For such people even minor raises in salary or wages is a source of motivation. An amount which is nothing for the affluent can be a source of some nutritious food, better education and rent for a small home. Also, when these people have more money they buy more goods while benefitting the economy. Opponents of the minimum wage policy argue that people who work on minimum wages often work part-time and live in families with more than one bread-winner hence the household wealth does not change much as a result of a change in the minimum wage policy. Even if this is true one can think about why the minimum wage employees work part-time. They do so because they get paid less to do work and hence they have to work harder at more than one job. If the minimum wage policy makes minimum wage higher then workers will become likely to work full-time because doing so will help them save time and transportation cost. Businesses are the entities that pay minimum wage to those employees who are the least capable, and unskilled. Some businesses are large while others are small. For small businesses the minimum wage policy can prove to be a burden. The cost of production can increase and consequently employees might have to be laid off. Moreover, when people will be laid off their consumption of goods will fall hence harming the entire economy. However, arguing against minimum wage policy is not going to help. If costs are increasing it is best to seek help from family members. An example of this is farming done in developing countries like India and Pakistan where a farmer is helped by his wife and occasionally by children to reduce expenses. Minimum wage raises can result in less abse nteeism, greater employee morale, and lower frequency of workers turnover. As a result, training costs are reduced and employee productivity rises (Card and Krueger). Moreover, higher wages attract more of both skilled and unskilled people to apply for a job. As a result, there are greater options available for the business and the person most suitable for the job can be hired. As far as benefits and drawbacks of minimum wage policies are concerned with regards to the consumers multiple scenarios are possible. Primarily, it depends on whether consumers want benefit in the short-run or in the long-run. It is possible that a business pays lower than minimum wage to its workers to reduce production costs. As a result the price of the product manufactured remains lower than the business competitors’ products. Consumers who prefer less durable but cheaper goods will most benefit from this. However, in this age of ever increasing scarcity such consumption of cheap goods can prove t o be a waste of resources and hence create shortage of raw materials needed for manufacturing in the upcoming days. This can further increase prices of even the less durable goods. Eventually, consumers will have to suffer. Moreover, a higher minimum wage will ensure that better but more expensive products are manufactured which do not create a shortage of resources in the long run. I conclude that overall the minimum wage

Summarize the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize the article - Essay Example The results were then analyzed to determine the factors that affect the development of false belief understanding in children. Overall, the results suggest that false belief understanding develops as age increases. Also, it has a strong relation with general language ability. These relationships can be explained in several ways. One possible explanation is that the children need to have linguistic ability to understand and respond to the tasks given to them. Complexity of the language in which the task is presented may make the child unable to respond to it, however simple the task is for him. The level of understanding of a child can also affect his ability to perform equally difficult tasks. He may fully understand and interpret one aspect of the task, but may prove incompetent to carry out another equally difficult task. The findings suggest that there is no role of children’s memory in solving false belief tasks. However, family size is positively related to false belief u nderstanding. The presence of one or more siblings increases interactions like tricking and teasing etc. that fosters false belief understanding. Children may observe their siblings and develop an understanding of false belief even when their linguistic ability is poor suggesting that competence is not entirely dependent on language. Hence, family size and linguistic ability both play a role in false belief understanding.

Critically discuss the importance of corporate sponsorship in the Essay

Critically discuss the importance of corporate sponsorship in the event Industry - Essay Example Sponsorship is not only a tool to help a marketer reach new audiences, but also a marketing technique to enhance brand image. This paper explains the conceptual frameworks and theoretical underpinning of corporate sponsorship in the event industry and illustrates its importance in modern marketing situations. Corporate sponsorship and its significance in today’s marketing environment will be examined with a view to recognize why many companies are spending huge amounts in sponsoring events. Corporate Sponsorship Keillor (2007, P. 242) defined sponsorship as cash or in-kind fee that is paid to a property such as a sports event, entertainment, non-profit event, organization etc in return for accessing to the exploitable commercial opportunities associated with that property. More specifically, a company may sponsor all or a part of the expenditures of sports or other types of events in return to advertise the company. Event sponsorship include athletic events, tennis or golf tou rnament, college or university games and sports, Olympics, art and cultural program, entertainment and festivals etc. Sponsorship is more useful in reminding the public about the product or service or their features, rather than informing or persuading them towards the business. Keillor (2007, P. 242) also pointed that sponsorship involves a fee paid in advance for future potential communication values, but advertising offers a more knowable and more controlled communication. As compared to advertising and sales promotion, that are the major two components of IMC, sponsorship is small, but expenditures on corporate sponsorship is increasing, mainly because many companies are finding the results they expected from the sponsorship. As Shimp (2008, P. 563) observed, brand marketers were estimated to spend $ 40 billion on event sponsorships in 2008. US marketers alone spent approximately $ 15 billion sponsoring in 2008. In 2009, the International Events Group Sponsorship Report estimate d that sponsorship expenditures as $ 45.2 billion (Donovan and Henley, 2010, p. 364). Worldwide expenditures on sponsorship have been increasing for last many years mainly due to that many large companies have found it to be an effective marketing strategy for better communicating the brand messages. Sponsorships: worth the money spent? One of the major criticisms is that sponsorship is merely a money waste. Shimp (2008, p. 567) argued that sponsorship is an enormous money waste and a drain on the marketing budget without well planned, structured and well thought business case as well as financial plan. Often, the expenditures spent on sponsorships with a view to build brand loyalty seems not worth. Many critics also argued that sponsorship arrangement involve little more than managerial or corporate ego trips. Many businesses go for sponsoring sports or other events with a view to meet famous athletes, gain great and luxurious accommodation etc. Sponsorship and expenditures pent fo r it can be justified from the marketing view point if there is a proof that brand equity as targeted could be achieved and financial objectives were met as planned. Sponsorship may not be an effective brand communication strategy for a start up business, small scale marketer, newly launched business etc, since these marketers are not already established, but sponsorship

Culture Assessement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culture Assessement - Essay Example They should be fully aware of the need for such an assessment and that they agree to such a review. Aside from the commitment from the top level management, the other lower rank employees should also cooperate with the project. A certain degree of openness must be expected among all the participants who will be interviewed; thus, it is important that the objective of the assessment be relayed to all concerned to ensure the success of the culture assessment (Schein, 2004). A culture change initiative which I experienced happened when I was still working with a development bank. Unlike other banks, we were required to go to the office on Saturday mornings. This was the time devoted to short seminars, personality development programs or the like. Attendance was always a problem because we did not see the relevance of such seminars. We viewed the activity as a total waste of time. When the objectives of the program were explained clearly and its importance emphasized to us, everyone beca me more enthusiastic and attendance greatly improved. Furthermore, we were consulted on the topics that we want to be discussed so we became more interested. Most of us even looked forward to Saturday mornings. References Schein, E. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership. John Wiley and Sons.

The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Epic of Gilgamesh - Essay Example The epic, with its complex plot is acknowledged by historians and archaeologists as the oldest existing written story although it had been discovered and translated only relatively recently but it never fails to fascinate its readers with its many parallels to the biblical story of the Great Flood and that of Noah and his family. It is therefore not very far-fetched to assume that many parts of the biblical Noah got their origins and ideas from the Epic of Gilgamesh for its many similarities, barring mere coincidence, from the tale of Utnapishtim. What is even more remarkable is the story was based on an actual king named Gilgamesh. This paper explores this gem of world literature from the viewpoint of its importance in terms of its sophisticated moral lessons. Additionally, it will also discuss the universal questions that Man has been asking ever since, questions such as immortality, how to escape death itself, his place in the entire scheme of things in the cosmos, his relationshi p with his gods, with fellow human beings, governance and kingship. Moreover, the paper will likewise offer some hopefully useful insights into the immensity and scale of this grandiose tale. Discussion The epic is partly based on the real historical figure King Gilgamesh who ruled the kingdom of Uruk in ancient Sumeria at around 2700 B.C.E. (before current era, as historians now would like to date historical events rather than the usual B.C. or A.D. in order to avoid a bias towards Christianity and maintain neutrality towards all religions) but was written down in clay tablets only at around 2000 B.C.E. perhaps with an eye towards preservation of a story for posterity. Although it has historical basis as determined by rigorous historical research, it also contains so many embellishments to make the story more interesting to its intended audience and also partly to impart some important moral lessons, like biblical parables. The provenance of the epic story cannot be traced or ascri bed to a single writer but it is rather the work of several authors, who added a portion of the story with each succeeding re-telling to a listening audience, perhaps by the high priests of Babylon. It was originally an oral composition recited by traveling storytellers, which may help to explain why there are so many parts of the story which are mere fragments although it is still offers some continuity. It can be found in the royal library of King Ashurbanipal, who ruled around 700 B.C.E. but still portions or other versions of the same epic were unearthed at different epochs in the time of the ancient city of Babylon, providing a rich ethnological source as well (Maier 377). The Epic of Gilgamesh can be taken in context, in the sense it was written at a time of history when rulers often invoked their right to rule over their subjects from some form of divine intervention or deriving their royal power from the gods. This theme is very recurrent in many historical periods, and this theme is also quite common even in the other areas of the world, where kings ruled either by force or some other means to retain political control such as invoking their authority with their supposed knowledge and wisdom, just like Gilgamesh. A key character, Enkidu, was introduced to the epic as counterbalance to Gilgamesh. A good question to ask might be: What

The Media and the Role They Play in Suicide Research Paper

The Media and the Role They Play in Suicide - Research Paper Example ion, arrest, punishment, embarrassment, and pity Case study 3: â€Å"Father of a gang-raped teenage girl commits suicide 'in shame'† A father to a 16-year-old girl committed suicide by taking poison after a gang of eight men raped his daughter Media shame led to Krishan’s completed suicide Change of writing styles With the discussions provided by Lester, it is agreeable that the media through publicized books fosters suicidal behaviors particularly to readers seeking information regarding suicide Classical writers applied writing styles such as: a. Romantics b. Boffo c. Irresistible Current writing styles such as: a. Spare b. Crafty c. Lyric Suicide related books have changed for the worse Statistics on suicide Data brought forward by National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) document that people also commit suicide because of exposure to behaviours opined to suicide by media figures, family members, and peers Statistical figures showing the rate of suicide since year 1993 to 2010 After every 13.7 minutes, an individual dies through suicide in the US. Almost 1,000,000 individuals attempt to commit suicide every year. Ninety percent of those people who commit suicide have a treatable and diagnosable psychiatric disorder. Most people with mental illness do not commit suicide Medical costs amount to almost $100 million annually (2005). Conclusion The media, may it be publicized or viewed, play a crucial role in escalating the rate of completed, planned, attempted, and thought attempts especially among people undergoing certain challenges including diseases, depression, and disorders Recommendations People thinking of committing suicide should seek medical attention or counselling Researchers and doctors recommend specific forms of psychotherapy such as dialectical... This paper approves that The National Vital Statistics System of the United States reveals that, many people take their lives every year in this country. The research results point out that the risk of committing suicide is higher in some people than in others. According to the available data, the major causes of suicide in the US are depression, prior suicide attempt, suicide family history, and incarceration. Media plays a potential role in contributing to the suicidal behaviours of many Americans where firearms usage in movies and substance abuse take the largest percentage of deaths that occur due to suicide. This essay makes a conclusion that the media, may it be publicized or viewed, play a crucial role in escalating the rate of completed, planned, attempted, and thought attempts especially among people undergoing certain challenges including diseases, depression, and disorders. The market is flooding with movies where characters portrayed to have contracted killer diseases end up hanging themselves. This aspect affects people the third world countries, as their living costs are high. Television and the internet especially with the upsurge and accelerated use of social networks, live video coverage, and instant messaging are contributing to suicide behaviors every day. The discussed case studies show that the media facilitates death through suicide given that the antagonists of media’s role in suicide cases depicts that the involved people committed suicide due to the shame brought unto them by the media.

RELATE THE STRUCTURE OF EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELL COMPONENTS AND Assignment

RELATE THE STRUCTURE OF EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELL COMPONENTS AND ORGANELLES - Assignment Example The function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes is to lend protection and act as a permeability barrier. In Eukaryotes the plasma membrane also consists of phospholipid layers and performs the same function as that in the prokaryotes. However, in prokaryotes, the structure of plasma membrane consists of hopanoids which are taken to be structural equivalent of sterols found in the Eukaryotic plasma membrane (Rohmer et al, 1984). Hopanoids help prokaryotic cells to adjust cell permeability and adapt to environmental conditions. The most basic difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells lies in the position of the DNA and this is basically reflected in their names. In a Eukaryotic cell most of DNA is in the cell organelle called nucleus which is bounded by a double membrane each of which is made up of phospholipids and proteins. The nucleus is the largest organelle in the eukaryotic cell. In case of a Prokaryotic cell, the DNA material lies concentrated in a region known as nucleiod which is not membrane bound. Ribosomes are present in prokaryotic as well as Eukaryotic cells. This cell organelle is slightly smaller in the Prokaryotes than in the Eukaryotes. In Prokaryotes, the ribosome is 70S and is about 2700kd in mass. The Eukaryotic ribosome are slightly larger and consist of 2 sub-units- a larger 60S subunit and a smaller 40S subunit which come together to form a 80S unit which is heavier at 4200kd (Stryer et al, 2002). Even though ribosome is involved in protein synthesis, the Eukaryotic protein synthesis is different from prokaryotic protein synthesis since in Eukaryotes the initiator tRNA is methionine while in case of Prokaryotes the initiator is a specialized tRNA. Prokaryotes lack mitochondria which in Eukaryotes serve as site of cellular respiration and plays pivotal role in metabolism. The structure of the mitochondria in a Eukaryotic cell is sausage shapes, with smooth outer membrane but folded inner

Slavery and African Slave Traders Essay Example for Free

Slavery and African Slave Traders Essay 1. What was indentured servitude like in the colonies? Was it much different from being a slave?: Indentured servants either agreed to serve for a stated period usually about five years or upon arrival to the colonies they bargained with wealthy Englishmen, Dutchmen or High German, for how long they would serve for their passage money. In the colonies indentured servants where under strict control of their masters and were not given any compensation for their work. It was much like slavery but not everything was the same. Indenture was a contract and unlike slaves servants could sue their masters if they failed to fulfill their half of the bargain. Where as slaves had no civil rights at all. Also unlike slaves servants were able to be freed after they have completed their years of labor. Usually the former servant was entitled an outfit with that most servants become land owners. 2. Compare/contrast the Middle Passage to the voyage of indentured servants. In The Middle Passage they were not treated the same as were the people in The voyage of the Indentured Servants . The people in the Middle passage were beaten and deprived of food even after the crew was full from eating fish they did not give any to the slaves. The servants were allowed to bring their own food or drinks which most still went bad but they were not deprived entirely of food. As soon as the servants got to the colonies if they had paid their passage they were free to go unlike the slaves that were sold. The condition of living on both ships were much the same as far as the diseases and illness that plagued both ships. 3. Compare/contrast Olaudah Equiano’s document with Alexander Falconbridge’s. Are these documents reliable? Why or why not? Both documents are personal accounts of what each man viewed on the slave ships. The two documents spoke of disease, malnutrition, and punishment endured by the slaves. I believe both of the documents are a reliable source because they both spoke of relatively the same conditions as the other. Both of the documents spoke of African slave traders that traded and sold African slaves to the slave trade. In both passages they spoke of the much more cruel punishment the slaves would undergo from the white men as opposed to their prior black owners. 4. Whom did the slave trade serve? How many different types of people were involved? The slave trade served mainly American merchants. For the majority French, Dutch, English, and African slave traders. Slave ships would go abroad and capture as many people they could enslave.

Nature versus nurture Essay Example for Free

Nature versus nurture Essay In the field of psychology there is a large controversy on whether nature or nurture affect who we are or who we will become. Those who favor nature will argue that our intelligence, personality traits and capacity to achieve goals are largely influenced by genetics. On the other side, people who put forward the idea of nurture will say that it is the environment we live in that shapes who we become. According to John Watson, a strong psychologist who proposed environmental learning as a dominating side, he can be able to train a baby randomly chosen in a group of 12 infants, to become any type of specialist he wants. As of now, we know that both nature and nurture play important parts in molding an individual; however, environmental factors are the real origins of our behavior. There are many examples that can be given to support Watson’s behavioristic views and theories. For instance, identical twins have very remarkable similarities; however when raised in two completely different environments, for example how accessible resources are to each of them, private school versus public school, cause several differences in the way they think and behave. Also, how well a parent takes care of his child and how safe the environment surrounding the family is, affects the child’s behavior and decision-making skills. Also, often children who have been raised in a stable and safe environment, with lots of affection from their parents will have a better chance at handling situations and adapting faster to drastic changes than a child who lacked affection and sense of comfort throughout his whole life. In the end, it is a fact that we have traits that are predetermined by our genes, but we can still choose who we want to be through our lifetime by controlling the environment that surrounds each of us.

Engine Oil Pan And Functions

Engine Oil Pan And Functions This report will analyze the engine oil pan as one of metallic component in car application. The analysis will cover the role of the component, the material for the component and the properties of the material. We will cover the process of how the properties are achieved. We will also analyzing the alternative material suitable for the specific component, compare and contrast with the alternative material. Introduction Engine oil pan is a simple automotive component with a very simple function. However, it is very vital for youre the engine part to operate properly. By understanding the function, the specific requirement and the material for an oil pan, it would help us to understand more on material selection for specific automotive applications. Engine Oil Pan and Functions For engine to work at its best, it must be running at a specific operating temperature. This temperature can only be maintained with the aid of engine oil that acts as a coolant. Subsequently, it needs a component to store the oil and continuously reuse it. That is the main function of the engine oil pan. Besides a storage component, oil pan will also collect some of the residue picks by engine oil while passing through the engine. Oil pan also served as a bottom cover of engines. Component Condition and Requirement In relative to the oil pan application, certain condition and requirement of the material should be meet. First, the material for the component should have a good corrosion resistance. It is to ensure that the oil in the sump will not contaminated. Even though the function of the oil pan is not for cooling, but the good thermal conductivity property will give an advantage for the application. Furthermore, it has to have a good ductility to prevent crack or damage due to stone impact. Low density in material will be a great advantage for the component, as it will reduce the weight. Above all, the most important criteria for the component are the ability to sustain the operating temperature of the engine. However, the engine operating temperature is considered low for all kind of metallic material to withstand. Materials and Properties for Oil Pan application In this paper, we will analyze the properties of cast aluminum alloy as a material for the oil pan. Aluminum alloy (2.7 g/cmà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ µ) is characterized as a nonferrous alloy, which relatively low density material compare to steel (7.9 g/cmà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ µ) (Callister 2007). Beside low in density, it is also comparatively high thermal conductivity and inherent corrosive resistance in some common environment. Furthermore, the ductility of Aluminum alloys is retained at low temperature due to Aluminum has a FCC crystal structure (fig. 1-1). Face Centered Cubic Crystal Structure. In hard sphere unit (a), a reduced sphere unit (b) and in aggregate of many atoms. An important characteristic of this material is the specific strength, which is determined by the tensile strength to specific gravity ratio (Callister, 2007). Even though aluminum alloy have a tensile strength relatively compare to the higher density material (such as steel), on a weight basis it will able sustain a larger load (Callister,2007). In particular to the casting alloys use for productions of oil pan in automotive industry, the die casting process is used. In general the AlSiMg alloys is use for the production of the oil pans. Table 1.1 Composition, Mechanical properties and common application for cast-heat treatable Aluminum alloys (Callister, 2007) Silicon in the range of 5 to 12% by weight is the most important element in aluminum alloying due to ability to increase the fluidity of the molten metal as well as strengthens the aluminum. Magnesium in the range of 0.3 to 1 % by weight is added to increase strength (Smith, 2004). The silicon content in the component will cause the formation of acicular silicon. It will cause the considerable reduction in the ductility of the component. Therefore the heat treatment is necessary for the component, after molding process. It is to obtain the appropriate adequate mechanical properties with respect to hardness and ductility. The heat treatment process at an appropriate temperature and for an appropriate duration is carried out to produce the component with a different hardness. In this case, production of oil pan used the solution heat treatment and followed by artificial aging process, indicate by (T6) in table 1.1. As for the oil pan, in the region of a flange is kept untreated in order to retain high level of hardness and low level of ductility. Thus, the hardness will be 85 to 110 HB and the ductility of 0.5 to 2.5%. While on the base region, it is heat treated appropriately to create a hardness of 55 to 80 HB and ductility greater than 4%. Hence, the ductility is increased and the hardness is reduced. Properties of Aluminum Alloy suit the Oil Pan Requirements Aforementioned, we had discussed the condition and requirement of the oil pan application. Through the material analysis of Aluminum alloy, we found that aluminum alloy has a good corrosive resistance. Furthermore, the mechanical property of aluminum alloy as good thermal conductivity would provide a better heat dissipation for the engine oil. Through solution heat treatment process the aluminum oil pan have had a sufficient ductility to sustain stone impact from bottom. With a considerably good hardness the aluminum alloy oil pan would maintain the component shape from deformation due some level of impact. Comparison to other possible materials for oil pan Other material commonly used to produce oil pan is low carbon steel. Oil pans made of steel are produced with a stamp forming process. Physically, in contrast to the aluminum alloy oil pan, the steel oil pan is light in weight. It is because it was produce with a thin steel sheet compare to a thicker cast aluminum alloy oil pan. Based on properties of the material, steel oil pan has a higher ductility but less hardness compare to aluminum oil pan that has high hardness and low ductility. Advantage in having high ductility material is the ability to withstand impact without crack or damage. The comparison of those material (Table 1.2) shows the difference in elasticity, which the modulus of elasticity determined the resistance to elastic deformation. The greater the modulus (Steel alloy) the stiffer the material will be. However, with that property the shape of the component will easily deformed. In case of oil pan application, it might damage other component inside the pan such as oil strainer. Other advantage of the aluminum oil pan in contrast to steel oil pan is the ability to acts as a noise shield, especially on diesel engine. In term of heat dissipation, aluminum oil pan will have advantage in dissipating more head compare to steel oil pan. Table 1.2 Room temperature Elastic, Shear Modulus and Poissons Ratio for Aluminum Alloy and Steel Alloy. Aluminum Aluminum offers many advantages over other materials. Some of these include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Light weight (~2/3 the weight of steel) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Machinability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High strength-to-weight ratio à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Non-oxidizing when exposed to air à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Excellent heat dissipation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High electrical conductivity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Can be cast by all common casting methods à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Heat treatable for higher strength and hardness Willian D. Callister, Jr. (2007). Materials science and engineering : an introduction, 7th Edition. United States of America, John Wiley Sons, Inc. Martin, J W.(2006). Materials for Engineering. Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing, Limited William F. Smith (2004).Foundation of Material Science and Engineering, Third edition.New York, McGraw-Hill.