Psychology Y163 Tma2 Free Essays

Drawing on appropriate evidence from Chapter 5, describe how groups can influence people in positive and negative ways. For this task I will be studying how groups of people that we have in our lives can affect us in both a positive and a negative way, such as peer pressure from a social group or pressure from family. From a very early age we are influenced by the people around us. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Y163 Tma2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we are in good company and the right crowd we will be affected positively, on the other hand if we are amongst bad company and fall into the wrong crowd we will be affected negatively.To start with I will look at some of the more positive effects that groups of people can have on us as individuals. For example if you are around a good group of friends as you are growing up going into adulthood, this can play a vital role in shaping your personality, and their influences, could change you for the better. An example of how groups can influence us in a positive way is â€Å"Kondo’s Story† taken from â€Å"starting with psychology† (2010). In this extract from her own book Kondo describes what life is like as a Japanese American and how she tried to fit in with both of her cultures.Although at first she was not accustomed to the Japanese way of doing things in time she began to feel a positive feeling for the Japanese family she was staying with and began to want to behave in a Japanese way. So by the end of the extract she not only feels like an American woman but a Japanese woman also. Spending time with a positive group of Japanese people, made her understand her Japanese roots, traditions and etiquette that are part of their everyday life. As she started to fit in more and more she described how pleased she felt.Looking at what others do around you can bring about a positive change in your way of thinking and how you live your life. Groups will often shape who you are. It doesn’t have to be a close group of friends it could be just people you are regularly around. For example if you are with people who dress smart, are in a stable job and speak in correct English. You will most likely pick up their traits. You will feel this is right and will follow. Muzafer Sherif l (1961) carried out a number of experiments that involved young boys at a summer camp.The experiment worked by splitting the boys into two groups. As time went on the boys in each group became closer and more competitive. A tournament was arranged and although some aggression was noted other good behaviour stood out such as group loyalty, solidarity and co operation. As the experiment progressed they introduced games which required both groups to work with each other in a positive way which was highly successful. Experiments like this one show that group influence can be a positive one.For the next part of this task I will look at the negative effects that groups of people can often have on us. There are times in all of our lives when we have done certain things or lead a certain lifestyle due to the influence of the people around us. You can find yourself blindly imitating something that you know is wrong but the urge to â€Å"follow the crowd† is so great you ignore what you know is right. Example of negative group influence â€Å"Starting with Psychology (2010), an experiment carried out in America by Phillip Zimbardo in 1971.He and his colleagues set up a fake prison situation and randomly chose a group of men to act as the guards or the prisoners over a period of two weeks. However after just six days the experiment had to come to an end after both of the groups took their assigned roles too seriously. Both sides were showing worrying signs of brutality and emotional disturbance. This experiment showed just how quickly normal rational men could become violent and aggressive when expected to act in a certain way.We have all been in situations were we realise something is expected of us. It is interesting to see, in this example, how easy it would be to conform and fall into the roles that are given to us by others. Another example I will refer to is Solomon Asch’s study in the 1950’s. You and 6 other people are seated around a table. The whole group is shown a picture of a straight vertical line. You are then shown three more lines of differing lengths. Everyone is then asked to pick out the line that matches the original one.You then each give your answer out loud. However, six of these people are in on the experiment and deliberately give the wrong answer. Out of 50 of the people involved 75% of them gave the wrong and followed what the others said, even though the right answer was clearly obvious. Surely this shows how negative group influence can be on one’s behaviour. This experiment was harmless, but outside the confines of studies and experiments, following people and trusting others instincts rather than your own conscious could have serious consequences.I think I have shown in the pieces of evidence that I have used, groups can be a good and bad influence. They can provide us with stability, friendship and the feeling of belonging and loyalty as shown in my first 2 pieces of evidence. They can also be damaging and harmful when used by others to lead and deceive people who are vulnerable as shown in I believe we have all experienced some kind of group influence in our lives whether good or bad. In my opinion these experiences make us who we are and are important part of our lives How to cite Psychology Y163 Tma2, Papers

Microsoft Corporation A Multinational Corporation Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Microsoft for Multinational Corporation. Answer: Introduction Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational company operating in Australia and other countries across the world. The headquarters of Microsoft is situated in Redmond, Washington, that offers computer programming, license, producing and also creating these programs. Edge web programs, internet Explorer, Microsoft office suit and the Microsoft Windows line of working system are sample of best known programming items of Microsoft. By revenue, Microsoft is one of the worlds biggest programming creator and among the most significant companies. Some of the product produced by Microsoft is in the lead in the market. These products include: Xbox game supports and surface tablet lineup (Casumano Selby, 1998). In the year1975, Paul Allen and Bill Gates established Microsoft to create and offer BASIC translator for Altair 8800. In mid 1980s, Microsoft started to control the PC working system market with MS-DOS; it took them less time to produce Microsoft Words. In their first sale of stock in 1986 was successful with billions being generated and also the workers also gaining as much as a total of 12,000 millionaires (Demers, 2001). Microsoft has expanded since 1990 from the working advertise and has acquired many corporate like Skype which they acquired in 2011 and current arrangements is to acquire LinkedIn. As at records taken in 2015, the IBM PC-compatible operating framework market and the workplace programming suite market is dominated by Microsoft. This is despite Microsoft losing much of general working system to android. Microsoft remains relevant in the market by adventuring in additional operation which makes them competitive. They deliver internet search with bling, the computer games with the Xbox and Xbox 360. The cooperation also produces advance administration market with MSN and recently they have engaged in the cell phone market and they are working on previous Nokia phones and they have developed Windows OS. The dispatch of the Microsoft Surface which is a line tablet announced the involvement of Microsoft in the PC creation market (Schroeder, 2000). In Australia, Microsoft established their subsidiary corps in 1985. The company helps the Australian by creation of employment and also to realize full potential of their businesses by use of Microsoft programming devices which ease their work. Seven regional offices have been established in Australia with their headquarters in Sydney. The company has empowered large number of Australians accomplices and clients to enhance in new ways (Wagner, et al, 2006) Microsoft has also helped the Australian community especially the young people by providing programs which can develop them for employment and also drive them to start their own business. Microsoft through association with non-benefiting and business accomplices, every year they give more than $50 million of programming benefits to the non-benefiting associations to enable them to be more beneficial, more cooperative and to drive them in providing quality services for the groups they serve (Majchrzak, et al, 2006). Microsoft as at December, 2015 had created 118,584 employees across the world and in Australia it had seven branches with many employment opportunities created for the local. Australian Corporate Taxation for Multinationals Although tax administration has been the subject in the business market from different audits in the recent years, the rate of which multinational organizations are being charged in Australia is not much welcoming. Nonetheless, if a multinational enterprise that is, an organization with backups or offshoots in more than only maybe a couple nations should be situated in Australia, it can exploit certain attributes of the Australian tax framework. (Kogut Zander, 2003). Global salary and capital income are paid by the occupant organizations with specific classes of earning and capital gain being exempt and with assessment credits being allowed where wage and capital gain have as of now been exhausted in a remote locale (Chan, et al, 1995). In Australia, a company is resident for tax purpose if: When an organization has been joined in Australian market it cannot lose its Australian residence tax purpose regardless of where the central administration and control is worked out. It is consolidated in Australia. Regardless of which nation the organization was incorporated in, the central administration and control is practiced in Australia The organization is not consolidated in Australia or is its focal administration and control practiced there however carries on business in Australia and its selection control is in the hands of resident Australian shareholders (Bouquet Birkinshaw, 2008) Collecting tax Twice collection of new investors for inhabitant Australian organizations has customarily stayed away from by the accompanying principles through the report of Ralph in 2003 by and the unwinding of the CFC. The reported stated that: Income from auxiliaries inhabitant in recorded locales is not included in Australia as extra duty so as to Controlled Foreign Corporation (CFC) rules. A record is made on a comparable frame work. Since the pay is excluded from further expense in Australia no assessment credits can be asserted in the locale regardless of the possibility that in Australia, the duty paid is less than other countries and the locals must control not less than ten percent of capital share. This is the validity for this application of tenant to apply backup (Cannavan, et al, 2004). in Australia a second time tax is levied on income from auxiliaries residents in unlisted purviews however income tax, capital gain expense or withholding charges are fully given a duty credit if the tax is paid out side jurisdiction. Enlisting ward is done to a company with a jurisdiction lacking comparative system. More than 10 percent of the shareholder must be controlled by the occupant guardian organization to back up its performance so that this standard to apply (Janeb, 1995) Where pay with an outside source has as of now been burdened in a remote nation and is to be worn out again in Australia an assessment credit is conceded to the inhabitant company for any charges paid in the outside ward. Tax credits are allowed under both the arrangements of double tax bargains and where there is no double tax collection settlement set up under the arrangements of local enactment. They cover corporate wage charge; capital increases expenses and maintenance charges (Buettner, et al, 2012). when the assessment is not exact to that of the corporate salary charge payable in Australia which has as of now being settled in an outside purview the equalization of the duty an alternative to different corporation inside a party or credit can be conveyed forward for 5 years (Bouquet Birkinshaw, 2008). The tax can be reduced to 10 percent if the company comes from a country which has sign a treaty with Australia for double taxation but on active controls that is there is no treaty signed, the withholding charge rate remains at 30 percent. Some of the agreement and treaties helping multinational companies to operate in Australia are: The Foreign Dividend Account Exemption: when a dividend is got from an outside organization by an Australian organization might be put into an exceptional isolated record called the foreign dividend account and when profit paid out of this account to a non-occupant is not included from withholding charge. The main reason why this arrangement was made was to remove a hindrance stating that multinational were deterred from transferring income through Australia. 10 percent must be held by an Australian company of the multinational companys shares, and there are some further technical conditions (Cannavan, et al, 2004). The thin Capitalization Rules: in 2001 a new enactment which presented Australian business rule of thin capitalization, i.e. Limits being set for measure of profit that can be reduced for purposes of duty only if a firm funds itself prevalently by advance capital, something that was a typical practice for outside organizations needing to concentrate returns from their Australian backups from Australia without bringing about withholding tax on dividend (Berkman, et al, 2002). The Minister for Revenue and Assistant treasurer In August 2007, Mr. Peter Dutton launched a Tax Laws Amendment Bill 2007 so that Australian tax assessment framework to be actualized. As to thin capitalization, the enactment meant to certificate an uprightness evaluation in the thin capitalization rules worked as expected by expelling from the meaning of not being included in equity interest those value intrigues that stay on issue for an aggregate time of 6 months or more (Brosen, 2004). Consistence of parties were also lessen by ADIs (authorized deposit taking institutions), where in the groups are authority credit card foundations were the main ADIs, by permitting the organizations heads of such groups of the same nature to apply the tenets as though the ADIs were not contained in such groups. Review of International Tax Regime 2002 responding to a flood of pre-race feedback, the recently re-chose conservative Australian government started a broad survey of business tax collection in 2002 (Berkman, et al, 2002). In the year 2001, James Hardie Industries, a noteworthy building material bunch in Australia stunned the government when they announced their intention to move it base in Holland with the reason of maximizing the tax being charged. This company with the broadly broadened group has a significant income flow. The group also claimed that receiving new structure which will likewise include an auxiliary posting on the Stock Exchange in New York would almost halve its normal duty rate to around 30 percent (Handley Maheswaran, 2008). In an agreement to better the relationship with these foreign companies, a tax relief for organizations seeking to demerge was offered by the federal government through Senator Helen Coonan who was then the Australian Assistant Treasurer, provided some criteria were fitted. To claim capital gain charge help amid the demerger procedure, the underlying responsibility for organization must not change, but rather the demerging element must strip no less than 80% of its possession interest in a subsidiary (Rohatgi, 2002). The government made further strides towards enhancing the universal tax assessment administration for organizations in the year 2003 December, presenting measures which produced results from 2004 July, unwinding Controlled Foreign Company (CFC) rules as they apply to nations having comprehensively comparative tax collection administrations (BELCs, for example, the Germans, the UK, united States of America where Microsoft company belongs, Japan, Canada, France and New Zealand, as a result exempting wage got from outside such nations however going through them and in this way burdened in them (Brosens, 2004) . Ernst and young once commented that after the burden had gone, Australian Multinational companies working together on these significant business focuses will no more should be excessively worried with measures that are gone for assessment safe house working areas. The Government has obviously perceived the way that business happens in these nations for business instead of tax related reasons (Brosen, 2004). Before the FIF rule apply the new enactment additionally permitted store supervisors to contribute up to 10% of their asset in remote detached speculations, and will likewise diminish consenting superannuation reserves according to the FIF measures. The changes additionally gave a withholding charge exception on broadly disseminated debentures issued to non-occupants if those debentures are issued by open unit trusts. The Rudd government reported in May that it had as of now acted to acquaint enactment with execute various them, including pressing measures, for example, that proposing exempt tax treatment for superannuation singular amounts paid to people experiencing a terminal therapeutic condition. Measures which the legislature had chosen ought to continue, however where it was suggested that the roll out improvements to the declarations by the past government, were point by point in the Budget. The administration likewise reported around then those measures that it had chosen ought not to continue (Neumayer, 2007). Double taxation treaty Australia signed a double taxation treaty with most of its trading partners. This followed the treaty by the OECD and in all of Australias treaty. In the treaty, a tie brake clause was created to those who might be treated as the residence of Australia. Once a domestic legislation was given, the agreement was being given an effect to function. This treaty has help to better the relationship between Australia and multinational companies operating in their market (Janeba, 1995). Conclusion The above agreement and treaties gave Microsoft an environment to offer its services in Australia, the tax system was not much depressive and in return the community developed from the services, the government benefited from the tax and employment was created. The youth were also included in Microsoft plan as they were being offered services which build them to be future employees and employers. References: Berkman, H., Bradbury, M.E., Hancock, P. and Innes, C., 2002. Derivative financial instrument use in Australia. Accounting Finance, 42(2), pp.97-109. Bouquet, C. and Birkinshaw, J., 2008. Managing power in the multinational corporation: How low-power actors gain influence.Journal of Management, 34(3), pp.477-508. Brosens, L., 2004. Thin capitalization rules and EU law. EC Tax Review, 13(4), pp.188-213. Buettner, T., Overesch, M., Schreiber, U. and Wamser, G., 2012. The impact of thin-capitalization rules on the capital structure of multinational firms. Journal of Public Economics,96(11), pp.930-938. Cannavan, D., Finn, F. and Gray, S., 2004. The value of dividend imputation tax credits in Australia.Journal of Financial Economics,73(1), pp.167-197. Cannavan, D., Finn, F. and Gray, S., 2004. The value of dividend imputation tax credits in Australia. Journal of Financial Economics, 73(1), pp.167-197. Chan, K.K., McColough, D.W. and Skully, M.T., 1995. Dividend reinvestment plans in Australia. Global Finance Journal, 6(1), pp.79-99. Demers, M.E., 2001. Viacore to Link MicrosoftCompany Business and MarketingBrief Article.Electronic News, Jan,8, p.2 Handley, J.C. and Maheswaran, K., 2008. A measure of the efficacy of the Australian imputation tax system. Economic Record, 84(264), pp.82-94. Janeba, E., 1995. Corporate income tax competition, double taxation treaties, and foreign direct investment. Journal of Public Economics, 56(2), pp.311-325. Kogut, B. and Zander, U., 1993. Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation.Journal of international business studies,24(4), pp.625-645. Kogut, B. and Zander, U., 2003. Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation.Journal of international business studies,34(6), pp.516-529. Majchrzak, A., Wagner, C. and Yates, D., 2006, August. Corporate wiki users: results of a survey. In Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Wikis (pp. 99-104). ACM. Neumayer, E., 2007. Do double taxation treaties increase foreign direct investment to developing countries? The Journal of Development Studies, 43(8), pp.1501-1519. Rohatgi, R., 2002. Basic international taxation (Vol. 412). Kluwer Law International. Schroeder, P., 2000. A brief history of Microsoft and accessibility.

Resistance to change

Introduction Resistance to change refers to actions that groups of people or individuals take when a change occurs in their environment and they perceive that change as a threat to their wellbeing. This implies that the perceived threat may not be real for the resistance to change to take place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Resistance to Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The phrase ‘resistance to change’ is mostly used in organizations that face resistance when implementing strategic changes in their operations, portfolios, management, etc. It can however be applied in any situation where people resist change for a variety of reasons (Heathfield 1). This paper defines resistance to change, explains why people resist change, and explores the forms that resistance to change take. Why people resist change One of the main reasons why people resist change is ambiguity. People will read sinister m otives in cases where change is imposed on them without proper explanations being made. The reason for change should therefore be clear to the affected parties in order to avoid resistance. Similarly, if the change agents do not consult the affected people during the change process, the latter are likely to resist the change. Organizations that impose changes as accomplished facts and those that do not communicate sufficiently to the affected people during the change process are likely to face greater resistance. Resistance to change is also greater in cases where pre-established working relations are threatened by the change. People affected by change also tend to resist changes if the benefits of the changes are outweighed by the challenges of the process of change and the challenges of the change itself. Changes that threaten the status, jobs, or power of people in an organization are also likely to face more resistance (Heathfield 1). Forms of resistance to change Resistance can be implicit or overt. Implicit resistance is the kind of resistance where people resist a certain change without being too vocal about it. It is common in cases where affected people are not allowed to disapprove management decisions openly. For instance, if an organization changes the technology it uses in its operations, workers may resist this change implicitly by being unreasonably slow. On the other hand, overt resistance is the form of resistance in which the people resisting change make their feelings about the change known. This may be in boardrooms or in a strike (Ford 1).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, resistance can be deferred or immediate. In deferred resistance, the affected people take some time to evaluate the change before they resist to the change. In immediate resistance, the affected people express their displeasure towards the change right after t he organization proposes the changes (Ford 1). Finally, resistance can cause functional conflict or dysfunctional conflict. Functional conflict means that the resistance to change helps the organization in achieving its goals. On the other hand, dysfunctional conflict means that the resistance to change leads to the organizations inability to attain its goals fully. It is therefore important to note that resistance to change is not always bad. Thus, resistance to change can benefit the organization in the end (Ford 1). Conclusion As evidenced in the discussion above, resistance to change is a major issue in organizations. It can result from real concerns by the affected people and it can be because of unjustifiable fears. Regardless of the cause, resistance to change takes a variety of forms that organization can use to develop effective corrective interventions. Works Cited Ford, Jeffrey. Decoding Resistance to Change. 2009. Web. Sep 26. 2012. https://hbr.org/2009/04/decoding-resis tance-to-change Heathfield, Susan. How to Reduce Resistance to Change. 2012. Web. Sep 26. 2012. https://www.thebalancecareers.com/how-to-reduce-employee-resistance-to-change-1918992 This essay on Resistance to Change was written and submitted by user Hindsight Lad to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Failed religion essays

Failed religion essays Religious Authority and its Failures in El, Nazarin, and Viridiana Authoritarianism is defined as a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator. However society sometimes views authoritarianism as misused authority. Valid authority is aligned upon a necessary purpose. Misused authority involves reality control and domination. Metaphorically, it is saying one and one equals three, because authorities say so. The most significant synthesis in promoting authoritarianism by religious scholars was the concept of "Natural Law." It reduces morality subjectivity, which has to be arbitrated by authorities. Natural Law says God implanted moral awareness in minds when people were created, but it became nonfunctional and has to be "awakened" by religion. Being supposedly implanted, it was subjectively created by God, not something objective like one and one equaling two. Since it is subjective and needs to be awakened, it can only be handled by religious authorities that must arbitrate morality. And the problem lies with the religiou s authorities. Religions are failing in its attempt to connect with the people it seeks to help. The most critical point of attack on a culture is its religious experience. Where one can destroy or undermine religious institutions then the entire fabric of the society can be quickly subverted or brought to ruin. (Rokeach 35) In other words, religious authorities have a responsibility towards society who trust and have faith in them and who have placed them on a higher social level. And when there is a broken trust between religious authorities and society, the problem lies solely on the religious authorities. Another problem is the lack of information. Religious authorities are very influential in society, and misguided notions of truth and reality play a big problem in the failures of religion. Lack of information is doubtlessly a serious impediment...

Use of animals in medical research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Use of animals in medical research - Essay Example The first perspective is the animal welfare that is generally proposed and furthered by the animal rights groups. Most countries have laws to protect animals from unnecessary cruel. However, these animal rights groups maintain that the various legislations that have been put in place have not succeeded in prevent many horrific cases of animal abuse witnessed in research laboratories. They are of the opinion that most medical breakthroughs would still have been made without the use of animals and other solutions and alternative to animals can be found because research on animals often yields irrelevant results. The animal welfare view exists in respect to human’s right to use animals for human benefits but with the responsibility of doing so in a humane way. Animal rights activists believe that animal rights directly compare to those of a human being and therefore it is wrong to perform a procedure that sacrifices the animal’s life or puts it in danger even if the proced ure is to help save a human life. Various organizations support research procedures if it means there is a regular refining technique that causes minimum discomfort and use of painkillers and anaesthetic for invasive procedure. There have been minimal restrictions on animal experimentations with various laws broadening the mandate to use appropriate pain-relievers, include commercially bred and exhibited animals and providing the necessary laboratory animal-care standards and the reduction of unnecessary animal research experiments.

Hospitality - chinese student palcement Dissertation

Hospitality - chinese student palcement - Dissertation Example One of the initial steps in building a strong foundation for an organization is through recruiting competent and reliable individuals who could perform well as individuals while lining their outputs with the goals of the organization. Without a shadow of a doubt, this is something every organization should find highly relevant to ensure their continued success and capability to compete in the market. It goes without saying that no organization ever attained their level of success by relying on employees with substandard skills and performance; nor did any of them manage to stay competitive by hiring employees unable to maintain a consistent level of output. This being the case, it would be instinctual – practically second nature – for organizations to go for those applicants who exhibit the greatest skill and/or potential, or to train them to achieve an ideal level of competence. Organizations that fail to do this should themselves prepare to fail. It is important to no te that employers are able to pick out individuals with high potential out of a pool of applicants. Thus, several recruitment practices are followed by employers. In certain cases where an employer has biases, Chinese applicants often have lowered chances of getting enlisted. With the growing need for highly capable individuals, employers have narrowed their eyes into spotting well-rounded applicants who could fill the needs of the organization (Bloch, 1994). This has become a major issue especially for individuals who belong in the minority, who in this case are the Chinese graduates. This gave rise to various forms of discrimination in the recruitment practices of employers (Bloch, 1994). Acquiring highly capable individuals are not the only problem of an employer; employee retention has also become one of the greatest problems among organizations. In the broad sense, employee retention refers to the effort of the employer to retain present employees in their workplace (Carsen, 20 05). Employers are faced with the challenge to minimize employee turnover. Typically, this is done through hiring and training practices along with efforts to increase employee job satisfaction (Connell and Phillips, 2003). Additionally, organizations that were able to hire highly competent employees value the capabilities of such employees, since they are able to perform well while attaining both their professional goals and the objectives of the organization (Connell and Phillips, 2003). Thus, losing such effective individuals could lead to poorer workforce performance. It has become a great challenge for Chinese graduates to look valuable in the eyes of the employer. To achieve this, Chinese individuals must be trained well especially through their educational backgrounds. The Advanced Placement program is a great opportunity for Chinese students to learn the operations and processes that occur in their chosen disciplines, which in this case is the hospitality business. There is a need to identify the weaknesses of Chinese students in order to address their issues through various training programs especially the Advanced Placement program. Moreover, in order for Chinese employees to be of value to their organization, they must be well-prepared so that they could perform productively, effectively and efficiently. It is very important for Chinese students to have a solid educational background that would equip them with the skills needed to perform well in the Hotel industry. Research Objectives This study aims to

Project on T. Bills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project on T. Bills - Research Paper Example The Treasury bill finances the government by borrowing money from citizens. Investors can purchase T- bills when they become available or when the government decides to issue them. They mature after a set period of time usually less than a year, and the investors redeem their T- bills for the face value. The purchase of a T- bill serves as a temporary loan to the United States Government which returns it when the T-bill matures. A Treasury bill can be purchased by citizens, banks, financial institutions and corporate houses. While private investors do purchase T- bills, banks and financial institutions are capable of purchasing them on a much larger scale, and thus make up bulk of the trade on the initial day of the T- bill offering. The smallest face value of a T-bill is $1000 making it a very attractive purchase. The T- bill is sold at a discount, which is determined by the Bureau of public debt. But the treasury pays the full face value when it is redeemed. For example an investor may purchase a 90- day treasury bill for $900 and expect a return of $100 at the time of maturity. This $100 is the return on the investment that the investor receives. The treasury has issued a $1000 T-bill at $900. The T-bill does not bear interest by is highly predictable and very stable, barring complete financial collapse of the United States Treasury. Investors may choose to include the T- bill in their profiles as they are highly stable investments with a pre-set time of maturity and decent dependable return. Unlike more risky investments the T- bill is unlikely to return a substantial sum, but when they are traded in large volume they can represent a substantial return. Investors can potentially purchase millions of dollars worth of Treasury bills assuming they possess the available capital. They are also extremely liquid assets, making them a versatile